Do you know what difficulties to pay attention to when laser welding purple copper materials?
2021-07-01
Copper is one of the materials with a high consumption of non-ferrous metals and is commonly used in industrial manufacturing. It has a wide range of applications in battery manufacturing, electrical engineering, and machinery manufacturing. Due to its good electrical and thermal conductivity as well as excellent plasticity, from the perspective of laser welding, it is a highly reflective material. This means that the stronger the conductivity, the lower the absorption rate of the laser. Theoretically, only 5% of the laser is absorbed and used, while most of the light is reflected, resulting in very little laser energy actually affecting the copper itself. Therefore, whether in new energy battery manufacturing or industrial machinery manufacturing, welding copper is a significant challenge.
Laser welding has concentrated energy, a small heat-affected zone, easy automation of equipment, and high production efficiency. Its application in welding copper can improve users' production efficiency, which is why it is increasingly used by users. However, in welding applications, certain welding techniques are required to avoid the difficulties of welding copper.
1. Common problems in copper welding:
1. Difficulty in fusion and susceptibility to deformation:
Due to the high thermal conductivity of copper, the heat transfer speed during welding is very fast, resulting in a large overall heat-affected zone of the welded parts, making it difficult to fuse the materials together. Additionally, because copper has a large linear expansion coefficient, improper clamping force during heating can cause material deformation.
2. Susceptibility to porosity:
Another significant issue that arises during copper welding is porosity, which is especially severe during deep fusion welding. The formation of porosity is mainly caused by two situations: one is the diffusible porosity directly generated by hydrogen elements dissolving in copper, and the other is the reactive porosity caused by redox reactions.
2. Solutions:
At room temperature, the absorption rate of copper for infrared lasers is about 5%. When heated near the melting point, the absorption rate can reach about 20%. To achieve deep fusion welding of copper with lasers, it is necessary to increase the laser power density.
Using a high-power laser combined with a swinging welding head can stir the molten pool with the beam during deep fusion welding, expanding the keyhole, facilitating gas escape, making the welding process more stable, reducing spatter, and resulting in fewer micro-porosities after welding.
3. Welding techniques:
1. Tilt the angle of the welding head during welding to prevent long-term reflection damage to the laser.
2. The power of the laser must reach the absorption value of copper to prevent light from being reflected.
3. A small core diameter of the laser can achieve the absorption value of copper more easily than a concentrated beam.
4. Swing welding can improve the surface quality of the weld.
The solutions mentioned above are derived from practical applications of lasers. In specific welding application environments, it is also necessary to adapt to actual welding needs based on one's own welding experience. It can be said that welding experience and good welding equipment are essential for achieving every step of the welding process for copper. This is also an important reason why the equipment configurations, solutions, and prices provided by different laser equipment manufacturers for the same copper products vary.
About Us
Shenzhen SHINHOP Laser Equipment Co., Ltd. It is a scientific and technological enterprise specializing in the research and development, production and sales of industrial laser processing equipment. It has been deeply engaged in the new energy industry for 20 years, focusing on the non-standard customization of automatic lithium battery cell assembly line and module PACK production line. It has successively obtained the national high-tech and specialized new enterprise certification.
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Company Address：Building 6, Jingneng Science and Technology Environmental Protection Industrial Park, No.3 Baolong 2nd Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province
Customer service hotline:18898357350
Customer service E-mail:info@shinhop.com
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